Michel Michelsen Hartwig

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 13.6743 (Garde)

Familie/Ægtefælle/Partner: Ukendt. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

1. xxx Michelsdatter Hartwig blev født cirka 1582 i Rønne; døde efter 1605 i Bornholm.
2. Michel Michelsen Hartwig blev født cirka 1584 i Rønne.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 14.13485 (Garde)
• Beskæftigelse: fra 1570 til 1609; Borgmester i Rønne

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Michel Augustin Hartwig is first mention in 1575 as a burgher (Borger) in Rønne. He is also named as one of the delegates from all over Denmark were sent to Lund, in Skåne province, to elect Prince Christian's (IV) as heir-apparent on July 20, 1584. Records from this time tell that the following delegates were sent to represent the citizens of Rønne: "Michel Herttuig, Borgemester, Esbern Kofod og Claus Kamitz, Raadmænd."

Once again in 1608 when the next Prince was to be hailed Michel Augustin Hartwig was again a delegate. The documents state as follows:

From original document, in old danish:
"Wi effterschreffne Esper Kofod, Borgemester i Rothne, Madz Raffn, Anders Jenssøn, Hermand Bohn, Jørgen Franch och Claus Hartvigh, Raadmend ibid., sambt det gandske burgerskaff her wdj Rothne, saa och det gandske gemeine burgerskaff aff Nexe, och denn menig Almue aff de andre smaabyer och fiskeleyer, Hasle, Suannicke och Aakirckebye, som ingen Kong. Priuilegier haffuer, kiendis och giør Witterligt for alle," at da det er dem befalet at sende Fuldmægtige til København paa Trefoldigheds Søndag, for at kaare Prins Christian; Saa haffuer nu erlig och velbyrdig Mand Hans Lindenov til Örslef, med allis woris guode willie oc samtycke, wdmelt och tilforordnet disse to dannemendt, som er erlig och welact mand Michel Hartuig, Borgemester i Rothne, oc Muaritz Jenssen, Borgemester i Nexø", til paa alles vegne at rejse til København.

Translated to english:
"We the Undersigned Esper Kofod, Mayor, and Mads Raffn, Anders Jensen, Herman Bohn, Jørgen Franck and Claus Hartwig, Councillors, as well as the entire Citizenship of Rønne and Nexø, also the common folk from all the other small towns: Hasle, Svaneke and Aakirkeby, which have no Royal privileges, we hereby declare for One and All that we have been requested to send Delegates to København on Trinity Sunday, for the hailing of Prince Christian; Therefore the well-born Hans Lindenov of Örslev (Lienholder of Bornholm 1594-1610), has with everyones consent requested these two honourable danish men Michel Hartvig, Mayor of Rønne, and Mauritz Jensen, Mayor of Nexø", to travel to København on behalf of all Bornholm's citizens.

In 1609 he was a member of an advisory-commitee commissioned to write a new "Constitution" for Hans Lindenov in his relationship to Bornholm's peasant farmers (bønder). There his signature reads: "Michel Hertuig Eghen Haandt" (Michel Hartwig, by my own hand).

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Michel blev gift med nn Clausdatter Kames. nn (datter af Claus Clausen Kames og Margrethe) blev født cirka 1545 i Rønne; døde efter 1575 i Bornholm. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 14.13486 (Garde)

Notater:

Reference: HA

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Borgmester i Nexø
• Ane-nr.: Ane 15.26969 (Garde)

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Evidently the son of a highly reckoned citizen from Lübeck, one Hartwig Hagefeldt, who died on February 29, 1555. None of the Bornholmer Hartwig/Hartvig's used the surname "Hagefeldt". A son of mayor Hartwigis thought to be Cort Hartwig, who in 1572-73 was the manager of Hammershus Len.

Augustin Hartwig is the oldest known member of this Bornholmer family. He came to Bornholm during a time when Lübeck had controlled Bornholm since circa 1525. King Frederik I had forfeited the control of Bornholm to Lübeck for 50 years because of his inability to pay debts owed to the city; which had aided him in wresting the throne from his brother. The natives of Bornholm are recorded to have groaned under the Hansa's rule, and declared "they would rather be under the Turks, than under the German, Christian, imperial city." Augustin is mentioned in records as being the Mayor of Nexø (also spelled Neksø) in 1555.

A court case document from that year (1555) begins (in the original old danish):
"Wij effterne, Esbern Myre Byffogeth, Augustin Hartwick och Mickel Hansz Burgemester, Henrick Moffue och Michel .... borgere y Nexö mett menige Bymendt bekenne obenbare for alle mett dette vort offne breff, at Aaretc. MDLV .... dagen effter Catharinæ paa wort byting war skicket .... och menige man erlig man Anthonius Wiltfangh .... paa herrenes (det lybske raad) wegne war begerendes low och rett ...."

Translated to english:
"We the herein mentioned, Esbern Myre, Town-Bailiff, Augustin Hartwig and Mickel Hansen, Mayors, Henrick Moffue and Michel .... citizens of Nexø make it be known for all by our open letter that in the year of MDLV, the day after Catharinæ was sent before our council .... and the honest man Anthonius Wiltfangh .... was asking for justice on behalf of the Lübeck council ...."

This damaged document is kept by the state archives in the "Samlinger til danske Kongers Historie", also printed in "Aktstykker til Bornholms Historie", by D.J.R. Hübertz, 1851, page 251.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Beskæftigelse:
Nævnes som borgmester i Nexø i dokument 1855.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 15.26969 (Garde)
• Beskæftigelse: 1558/1568; Købmand og skibsreer i Rønne
• Beskæftigelse: 1584; Rådmand i Rønne

Notater:

Occupation: Councilman (Rådmand) for

Note (Kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

In Hübertz papers (no. 227) is reproduced a maritime inquiry of November 25, 1568, when pirates boarded Claus Clausen's ship, a burgher from Rønne, but let it pass because Lübeck Captain Schweder Ketting's daughter was on board.

This Claus Clausen is assumed to be of the family Kames; however, other than the given name Claus, there appears to be no solid evidence to support the assumption that Claus Kamiz (-1558?-1584-) and Claus Clausen (-1568-) are in fact the same person.

According to "Borgmesterslægten Hartwig på Bornholm", (by K. Thorsen, 1943, Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift), Claus Kames was a Merchant (Købmand) and ship owner (skibsreder) in Rønne in 1558 and 1568, and later Alderman (Rådmand) in Rønne in 1584 when he was one of the delegates from all over Denmark were sent to Lund, in Skåne province, to elect Prince Christian's (IV) as heir-apparent on July 20, 1584. Records from this time tell that the following delegates were sent to represent the citizens of Rønne: "Michel Herttuig, Borgemester, Esbern Kofod og Claus Kamiz, Raadmænd."
Claus Kames' widow, Margrethe, died on May 10, 1593.

Mention of Claus Kames in the probate of his descendant Dorothea Pedersdatter Kofoed, October 1, 1696, page 153:
Anno 1696 den 1 October er efter loulig giorde tillysning, holden registering og vurdering, sampt schifte of deehling efter Peder Hansenss. hustru Dorethea Peder Koefoedz daatter, som boede, og døde paa den 22Jord Eiendoms gaard beliggende udi Nykier Sogn. . . en skee med Claus Kam paa 1584 vegtig til 6 Mk. . . .

Mention of the above silver spoon (sølv ske) engraved Claus Kames in the probate for Peder Hansen, March 2, 1711, page 141:
Anno 1711 dend 2 Marty, er efter loulig giorde tillysning holden rigtig registering og vurdering sampt skifte og liqvidation efter sal. Peder Hansøn som boede og døde paa den 22de Jordejendoms gaard i Aaen i Nyeker Sogn. . . sølf skee med 2 stempel paa teigned paa dend eene side paa skafted KLAUS KAM 1584 vejer 2 laad. . . .

The above "Claus Kam" of 1584 must be the same man who paid for the casting of a new bell for Aae Church, the inscription on the bell reads (translated from Low German): "1584 Claus Kames asked for me to be castat Maties Benni[n]ck's at the behest of the whole of Aae Church's congregation on Bornholm". [Source: "Danmarks Kirker", volume 7 -Bornholm, Å kirke, page 172.]

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Claus blev gift med Margrethe cirka 1550 i Bornholm. Margrethe blev født cirka 1525 i Bornholm; døde den 10 maj 1593 i Rønne. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 15.26970 (Garde)

Notater:

Reference: HA/BO

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 16.53937 (Garde)

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Hartwig Hagefeldt was a first-citizen (anset borger) in "Lybæk" (Lübeck); he is recorded as dying in 1555 on the 28th of February (as found in "Lübeckische Ratslinie", from the published archival records of Lübeck). None of the Bornholmer Hartwigs took the surname Hagefeldt; but rather abided by the scandinavian tradition of using the father's given name as the children's surname (in this case dropping the "-sen" suffix).

During Hartwig Hagefeldt's time a person did not become a "Borger" (Burgher, or middleclass citizen) by virtue of being born in a place. Burgher class citizenship was a valuable privilege that included: the right to engage in business in a community; rights and protections under the law; permission to reside in a community without being expelled. Citizenship was extended by individual communities to some of their inhabitants, primarily those who wanted to engage in business, and did not pertain to citizenship in the country as a whole. Until the twentieth century, only males of the middle and upper classes, mostly merchants and tradesmen, were granted citizenship.

Lübeck is located on two small streams connecting with Lübeck Bay. The history of Lübeck goes back to around the year 1000 AD, when the Wends established "Liubice" as a royal seat and trading center. Founded in 1143 Count Adolf II of Schauenburg built a settlement of Christian merchants between the Trave and the Wakenitz Rivers and borrowed the old name "Liubice" from the older and meanwhile destroyed settlement. The city of Lübeck was born. After a devastating fire the Saxon King, Henrythe Lion, established Lübeck for a second time in 1158. From 1159 on Lübeck developed as a center of trade, which in its effect could only be compared with its southern counterpart Venice. At breathtaking speed, Lübeck became the most powerful economic center of Northern Europe.

In 1173 Henry the Lion laid the cornerstone of the largest brickstructure of the North, the Cathedral (Dom zu Lübeck). The churches St. Mary (Marienkirche) and St. Peter (Petrikirche) also got their start during the same year. Henry the Lion indeed made even more of a mark on the city since under his leadership the layout of the Old Town of Lübeck was designed and it remains even to this day almost completely unchanged. It has five 13-14th century Gothic churches, a Gothic townhall, and a 13th century hospital. Another big name, which is perhaps even more important for the history of this city, is Emperor Friedrich II. It was he who in 1226 granted Lübeck its almost unique freedom and independence - its status as a "Free Imperial City". This meant that the city, and its citizens, were not subjects of a duke, count or bishop, but only of the emperor himself. This free area continued for 711 years.

At the end of the 13th century an alliance of Germanic cities, the Hanseatic League, was developed from a merchant's union, with the Free City of Lübeck taking on the leadership position of the Hanseatic Council. The league became a powerful economic and political force in northern Europe. Its earliest union dates to 1241, when Lübeck and Hamburg made agreements for mutual defense in trading; the first meeting of the "Diet" (legislative assembly) in 1256 included: Lübeck, Hamburg, Lünenburg, Wismar, Rostock, and Stralsund; later other towns joined the league. With a centre for meetings in the city of Lübeck, the members established an important network of Baltic trade, and a string of commercial bases stretching from Novgorod to London and from Bergen to Bruges.

Despite the power that she wielded, Lübeck, the "Queen of the Hansa", was never an overtly war-like city. The latin phrase on the Holstein Gate, completed in 1478, reads, "Concordia Domi Foris Pax" (Harmony Within, Peace Without), which was the prerequisite for the functional community and the undisrupted free trade which Lübeck enjoyed.

The league reached the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries when it contributed to the defeat of Valdemar IV of Denmark in 1367-68, and secured control of Baltic trade by Peace of Stralsund in 1370. It now included such widely separated places as: Novgorod, Reval, Riga, Danzig (Gdánsk), Magdeburg, Cologne, Bruges, and London; and gave trading privileges to merchants of many other towns. In its heyday during the 14th century the Hansa included well over a hundred towns; its influence gradually faded with the emergence of powerful competitor states, and the last meeting of the "Diet" was held in Lübeck in 1669. The term "Hanseatic town" was retained by Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen as long as they were imperial free-cities.

In 1509 Denmark and Lübeck were engaged in one of their numerous skirmishes. The Danes had a famous battleship called the "Svane" (english: Swan) - which was reputed to be the largest and most powerful in the world; but the Lübeck'ers in several small vessels surprised, attacked and destroyed it. After this victory a fleet of 14 Lübeck ships ravaged the Danish islands and did much damage to Danish shipping. Nine Swedish ships joined them, and the combined fleet almost ruined Lolland and Bornholm.

Later, in the summer of 1509, a great naval battle took place between 16Lübeck men-of-war and 17 Danish ships of about equal size and strength. One of the latter was a new vessel, the "Engel" (english: Angel), larger than the unlucky Svane had been. The Lübeck'ers had landed some of their guns and men to attack the fortress of Hammershus, on the northern tip of Bornholm, when the Danish fleet appeared, quite unexpectedly, and attacked at once. The battle lasted all day, and at night both sides claimed the victory. Some days later the fight was resumed, when, after several hours of fierce contest, the Engel had her rudder shot away and was taken in tow by her consorts, and the whole Danish fleet fled. In 1510 the league seized Bornholm as "security" on an unpaid loan given to the Danish crown; this lasted for a period of 50 years.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 16.53937 (Garde)

Notater:

Occupation: Councilman (Rådmand) for
Reference: HA/BO note
A shipping-agent Claus Kames (also spelled Kamitz) moved to Bornholm


from
Scotland, where Kames was a fishing-villiage on the Clyde River in
the Greenoch region. Records show he was a Councilman in Rønne in
1584. Probably owned St. Almegård, 26' Slg. in Knudsker parish. He
must have been a man of wealth and position in order for his daughter


Elsebeth to have married the nobleman Henning Gagge.

1558 Skibsreder i Rønne
Skibsreder, tilflyttet Bornholm fra Skotland, hvor Kames er en
fiskerby ved Clyde ud for Greenoch. Synes at have ejet Almegård.

Note (Kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Nothing is known about the father of the siblings Claus and Elsebeth Kames, however, he must have been a man of wealth and position in order for his daughter Elsebeth to have married the Freeman Henning Gagge, however it is not known whether or not his family were of the minor nobility. It is speculated that he was a "Borger" (burgher) in Rønne, however he can not be found mentioned in any of the records naming the burghers of Rønne in the early-1500s. Possibly Claus Kames arrived on Bornholm circa 1545, along with (or followed soon after by) his sister Elsebeth, with the arrangement of her marriage (c.1551) to Henning Gagge?

In "Det Gamle Rønne" (1920) and "Rønne By og Borgere" (page 38, pub. 1927) Dr. M.K. Zahrtmann speculates that the Kames family (aka Kamiz, Kams, Kamb, Camp, Kam) origins are in Scotland, where Kames was a fishing-villiage on the Clyde River in the Greenoch region.

From "Det Gamle Rønne" by M.K. Zahrtmann, Bornholmske Samlinger, vol. I, book 13 (1920):
En anden Rønneslægt, som igjennem Hundred Aar nævntes blandt Byens første, var Slægten Kames eller, som Bornholmerne udtalte Navnet, Kam. Det var dem fremmed; Slægten var rimeligvis indvandret fra Skotland. Elsebet Kames blev omkring Aar 1552 gift med den bornholmske Adelsmand Henning Gagge, Kongens Jurisdiktfoged paa Bornholm; Ægteparret ejede Almegaard i Knudsker Sogn, et Par Kilometre Nordøst for Rønne; her døde han 29. Juni 1562 og hun 23 Oktober 1578. Hun var, efter Tiden at dømme, Søster til eller Datter af den ældste Claus Kames i Rønne, hvis Hustru Margrete døde 10 Maj 1593. Denne havde, siger Sagnet, i en Dyrtid sat et stort Forraad Brød til Bagning i sin Ovn, da en Stodder tiggede om Brød ved hendes Dør; hun afviste ham med de Ord: "Jeg ejer selv ikke Brød i Huset." Da hun senere skulde tage sine Brød ud af Ovnen, fandt hun sit Ord gjort til Sandhed, idet alle Brødene var forvandlede til Sten. De bornholmske Stenbrød tilhøre ikke Sagnriget; Greve Christian Rantzov, som 1661 kom til Landet for at tage Bornholmerne i Ed til deres nye Arvekonge Frederik den Tredje, førte et af dem med sig over til Kongen, og Magistraten i Rønne udstedte sit Vidnesbyrd, forsynet med Stadens Segl, om at det virkeligt var blevet til paa den skildrede Maade. Endnu Hundred Aar senere saas dette vidunderlige Stenbrød paa det kongelige Kunstkammer i København. En yngre Claus Kames sad 1648 som Raadmand i, Rønne sammen med sin Søn Claus Clausen Kames, der var Byens Borgermester 1658 og 1661 og greb virksomt og kraftigt ind i Opstanden mod Svenskevældet 1658, da Landets samlede Stænder 9 December valgte ham til midlertidig Landshøvding i den dræbte Printzenskölds Sted. Efter sin Slægtning Sivert Gagges Død 30, Juli 1661 tog han ud at styre Myregaard i Aaker Sogn for hans Enke; efter hendes Død flyttede han i Slutningen af Aaret 1667 til Baasegaard i Nylarsker, hvor han døde omkring Aaret 1676. I Rønne hørtes senere kun lidet til Slægten Kames.

However, Sigvard Mahler Dam points out that as the name can also be found spelled Kamitz, a similiar argument could be made that the family was originally from Saxony, as there was an estate called Kamitz (a district in the municipality of Arzberg in Northern Saxony) that belonged to Dobrilugk (aka Doberlug) monastery in the town "Cosmatitz" (aka Kosmatitz). In 1510 Kamitz belonged to Johann von Toyse, of a family that were members of the knights in Torgau. In Sweden in the 1600s there was a George (Göran) Mattsson Camitz born circa 1623 in Silesia and who died in 1687 in Sweden.

Notably closer to Bornholm, there is a place called Camitz in the municipality of Semlow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern - possibly this is the origin of the Kami[t]z/Kames/Kamb/Cam/Kam family? - Norman Lee Madsen, March 6, 2014.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto,Ontario, Canada.